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THE MOON JAR

Two Bowls, One Jar

달항아리 dalhangari
Joseon dynasty, 18th century · White porcelain

No potter could throw a jar this big in one piece. So they made two bowls, and the join never quite disappeared.

1-minute read

A moon jar stands more than forty centimeters tall and swells almost as wide. Porcelain clay is fine and smooth, which gives the jar its soft white skin, but it has little strength while wet. Pulled outward into so wide a belly, it slumps under its own weight. No potter could throw one in a single piece.

So they threw two deep bowls, turned one over, and set it on the other. Slip, porcelain clay thinned with water, bonded the rims. The join was smoothed until the wall read as a single curve.

HOW IT WAS MADE
1 Throw two deep bowls.
2 Turn one upside down.
3 Join rim to rim with slip.
4 Fire. The middle sags a little.

Then came the part no one controlled. The heaviest point of the jar is its middle, exactly where the halves meet. As the clay softened in the kiln, that weight pulled on the seam. Some jars leaned. Some kept a faint dimple at the waist.

The seam, close up. Photograph to come.
HOW ROUND IS IT?
47.0 cm
tall
44.5 cm
at its widest
The British Museum's jar. Dashed line: a perfect circle. The drawing is a schematic.

None of this was treated as failure. In their own time these were working vessels, known plainly as daeho, "big jar". Nobody called them moon jars until the twentieth century, when a painter looked at one and saw the full moon. By then the uneven shape was the reason people loved them.

THE NAME
달 dal moon
항아리 hangari jar
A nickname from the 1950s. The older name is 백자대호, baekja daeho: "large white porcelain jar".
baekja 백자
White porcelain, the signature ceramic of the Joseon dynasty.
daeho 대호
"Big jar". What these vessels were called when they were made.
WHERE WE ARE IN KOREAN HISTORY
Three Kingdoms and Silla
Goryeo
Joseon
Modern
1950s named "moon jar"
1392
today
1700s
jars like this are made
Top: all of Korean history. Bottom: Joseon to today.
IN MUSEUM COLLECTIONS
Seoul
National Museum of Korea
London
The British Museum
New York
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Boston
Museum of Fine Arts
THE SERIES
Part 1 · Yesterday
Not Quite a Circle
Part 2 · Today
Two Bowls, One Jar
Part 3 · Tomorrow
A Piece of Happiness
Tomorrow: how a painter gave the jar its name, and why a British potter carried one home from Seoul in 1935.
SOURCES
The British Museum, White porcelain moon jar (1999,0302.1) The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Moon jar (1979.413.1) Christie's, Everything to know about Korean moon jars Korean press report on how the jar got its name (in Korean)
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KEEP EXPLORING
THE SAME CENTURY · JOSEON, 1608–1708
Tax the Household, or the Land?
A tax reform a hundred years in the making reached its last province in 1708, in the century these jars were made.
Events · Part 1 of 3
LATER · MODERN KOREA, 1896–1948
The New Woman
Na Hye-seok, painter and writer.
People · Part 1 of 2
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